A structure-preserving collisional particle method for the Landau kinetic equation

In this paper, we propose and implement a structure-preserving stochastic particle method for the Landau equation. The method is based on a particle system for the Landau equation, where pairwise grazing collisions are modeled as diffusion processes. By exploiting the unique structure of the particle system and a spherical Brownian motion sampling, the method avoids additional temporal discretization of the particle system, ensuring that the discrete-time particle distributions exactly match their continuous-time counterparts. The method achieves $O(N)$ complexity per time step and preserves fundamental physical properties, including the conservation of mass, momentum and energy, as well as entropy dissipation. It demonstrates strong long-time accuracy and stability in numerical experiments. Furthermore, we also apply the method to the spatially non-homogeneous equations through a case study of the Vlasov–Poisson–Landau equation.