Exponential sums twisted by general arithmetic functions

We examine exponential sums of the form ${\sum }_{n\le X}w(n)e^{2\pi i\alpha n^k}$, for $k=1,2$, where $\alpha$ satisfies a generalized Diophantine approximation and where $w$ are different arithmetic functions that might be multiplicative, additive, or neither. A strategy is shown on how to bound these sums for a wide class of functions $w$ belonging within the same ecosystem. Using this new technology we are able to improve current results on minor arcs that have recently appeared in the literature of the Hardy-Littlewood circle method. Lastly, we show how a bound on ${\sum }_{n\le X}\mathrm{\mid }\mu (n)\mathrm{\mid }{e}^{2\pi i\alpha n}$ can be used to study partitions asymptotics over squarefree parts and explain their connection to the zeros of the Riemann zeta-function.