Generative AI in Medicine

The increased capabilities of generative AI have dramatically expanded its possible use cases in medicine. We provide a comprehensive overview of generative AI use cases for clinicians, patients, clinical trial organizers, researchers, and trainees. We then discuss the many challenges – including maintaining privacy and security, improving transparency and interpretability, upholding equity, and rigorously evaluating models – which must be overcome to realize this potential, and the open research directions they give rise to.