Effective Lagrangians and thermal resonances under extreme conditions

We analyze various problems related to the physics of hadrons under extreme conditions of temperature and chemical potentials. On the one hand, we show that the thermal resonances $f_0(500)$ and $K_0^{\ast }(700)$, generated in the framework of Unitarized Chiral Perturbation Theory $\pi \pi$ and $K\pi$ scattering at finite temperature, play an essential role concerning chiral and $U(1{)}_A$ restoration. On the other hand, a low-energy effective Lagrangian has been constructed within ChPT at non-zero chemical potential, which we discuss here for an axial chemical potential.