Fragmentation of Nuclear Remnants in Electron-Nucleus Collisions at High Energy as a Nonextensive Process

Utilizing a partitioning method based on equal (or unequal) probabilities – without incorporating the alpha-cluster ($\alpha$-cluster) model – allows for the derivation of diverse topological configurations of nuclear fragments resulting from fragmentation. Subsequently, we predict the multiplicity distribution of nuclear fragments for specific excited nuclei, such as ${}^9$Be${}^{\ast }$, ${}^{12}$C${}^{\ast }$, and ${}^{16}$O${}^{\ast }$, which can be formed as nuclear remnants in electron-nucleus ($eA$) collisions at high energy. Based on the $\alpha$-cluster model, an $\alpha$-cluster structure may result in deviations in the multiplicity distributions of nuclear fragments with charge $Z=2$, compared to those predicted by the partitioning methods. Furthermore, in the framework of Tsallis statistics, the nonextensive generalized temperature, entropy index, and $q$-entropy are obtained from the multiplicity distribution of nuclear fragments with given charge number. Our work shows that fragmentation of nuclear remnants in electron-nucleus collisions at high energy is a nonextensive process.