Comparative CFD modelling of drug and nanocarrier transport in the eye's anterior segment for glaucoma drug delivery via intracameral injection, drug-eluting implant and contact lens

Glaucoma treatment relies on effective delivery of therapeutics to the anterior chamber; however, conventional approaches such as topical administration and intracameral injection are limited by rapid clearance and low intraocular bioavailability. In this study, a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) framework was developed to comparatively evaluate drug transport, retention, and spatial distribution across three delivery strategies: intracameral injection, drug-eluting implants, and topical delivery via contact lens.