A hierarchy of blood vessel models, Part II: 3D-3D to 3D-1D and 1D

We propose and analyze a hierarchy of three models of blood perfusion through a tissue surrounding a thin arteriole or venule. Our goal is to rigorously link 3D-3D Darcy–Stokes, 3D-1D Darcy–Poiseuille, and 1D Green’s function methods commonly used to model this process. Here in Part II, we consider the most detailed level, a 3D-3D Darcy-Stokes system coupled across the permeable vessel surface by mass conservation and pressure/stress balance conditions. We derive a convergence result between the 3D-3D model and both the 3D-1D Darcy–Poiseuille model and 1D Green’s function model proposed in Part I [Ohm & Strikwerda, arXiv preprint July 2025] at a rate proportional to ${\epsilon }^{1\mathrm{/}6}\mathrm{\mid }\log \epsilon \mathrm{\mid }$, where $\epsilon$ is the maximum vessel radius. The rate is limited by the inclusion of a degenerate endpoint where the vessel radius vanishes, i.e. becomes indistinguishable from a capillary. Key to our proof are \emph{a priori} estimates for the 1D integrodifferential model obtained in Part I.