Cube packings, second moment and holes

We consider tilings and packings of ${\text{RR}}^d$ by integral translates of cubes $[0,2{[}^d$, which are $4{\text{ZZ}}^d$-periodic. Such cube packings can be described by cliques of an associated graph, which allow us to classify them in dimension $d\le 4$. For higher dimension, we use random methods for generating some examples. Such a cube packing is called {\em non-extendible} if we cannot insert a cube in the complement of the packing. In dimension 3, there is a unique non-extendible cube packing with 4 cubes. We prove that $d$-dimensional cube packings with more than $2^d-3$ cubes can be extended to cube tilings. We also give a lower bound on the number $N$ of cubes of non-extendible cube packings. Given such a cube packing and $z\in {\text{ZZ}}^d$, we denote by $N_z$ the number of cubes inside the $\text{4}t$-cube $z+[0,4{[}^d$ and call {\em second moment} the average of $N_z^2$. We prove that the regular tiling by cubes has maximal second moment and give a lower bound on the second moment of a cube packing in terms of its density and dimension.