Necklace rings and logarithmic functions

In this paper, we develop the theory of the necklace ring and the logarithmic function. Regarding the necklace ring, we introduce the necklace ring functor $Nr$ from the category of special $\text{ld}$-rings into the category of special $\text{ld}$-rings and then study the associated Adams operators. As far as the logarithmic function is concerned, we generalize the results in Bryant’s paper (J. Algebra. 253 (2002); no.1, 167-188) to the case of graded Lie (super)algebras with a group action by applying the Euler-Poincar'e principle.