The Library of Babel

We show that heavy pure states of gravity can appear to be mixed states to almost all probes. Our arguments are made for ${\mathrm{A}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{S}}_5$ Schwarzschild black holes using the field theory dual to string theory in such spacetimes. Our results follow from applying information theoretic notions to field theory operators capable of describing very heavy states in gravity. For certain supersymmetric states of the theory, our account is exact: the microstates are described in gravity by a spacetime ``foam’', the precise details of which are invisible to almost all probes.