The Nucleon's Virtual Meson Cloud and Deep Inelastic Lepton Scattering

We address the question whether the nucleon’s antiquark sea can be attributed entirely to its virtual meson cloud and, in essence, whether there exists a smooth transition between hadronic and quark-gluon degrees of freedom. We take into account contributions from $\pi$ and $K$ mesons and compare with the nucleon’s antiquark distributions which serve as a non-perturbative input to the QCD evolution equations. We elucidate the different behavior in the flavor singlet and non-singlet channels and study the dependence of our results on the scale $Q^2$. The meson-nucleon cut-offs that we determine give not only an indication on the size of the region within which quarks are confined in a nucleon, but we find that the scale of these form factors is closely related to the four-momentum transfer, $Q^2$, where gluons are resolved by a high energy probe, and that large meson loop momenta, $\mathrm{\mid }\mathbf{k}\mathrm{\mid }\approx 0.8$ GeV, contribute significantly to the sea quark distributions. While the agreement of our calculations with data-based parametrizations is satisfactory and scale independent for the flavor breaking share of the nucleon’s antiquark sea, the flavor singlet component is quite poorly described. This hints the importance of gluon degrees of freedom.