Quarkonium polarization in heavy ion collisions as a possible signature of the quark--gluon plasma

The polarization of quarkonium states produced in hadron collisions exhibits strong non-perturbative effects - for example, at small transverse momentum $p_t$ charmonia appear unpolarized, in sharp contradiction to the predictions of perturbation theory. The quark–gluon plasma is expected to screen away the non-perturbative physics; therefore those quarkonia which escape from the plasma should possess polarization as predicted by perturbative QCD. We estimate the expected $J\mathrm{/}\psi$ polarization at small $p_t$, and find that it translates into the asymmetry of the $e^{+}{e}^{-}({\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-})$ angular distribution $W(\theta )\sim 1+\alpha co{s}^2\theta$, with $\alpha \simeq 0.35÷0.4$.