The Statistical Model of Hadrogenesis in A--A collisions from AGS to SPS and RHIC

We discuss experimental data on particle yields and particle spectra obtained in heavy ion collisions in a very broad energy range from SIS/GSI through AGS/BNL up to SPS/CERN and RHIC/BNL. We argue that in this broad energy range hadronic yields and their ratios resemble a thermal equilibrium population along a unified freeze–out curve determined by the condition of fixed energy/particle = 1 GeV. At RHIC and top SPS, thermal parameters are consistent within error with the critical conditions required for deconfinement. This, together with the particular distribution of strangeness within a collision fireball, could indicate that chemical equilibrium is a direct consequence of parton to hadron transition, which populates a state of maximum entropy. At lower energies equilibration in A–A collisions should appear through hadronic interactions and rescatterings.