Studies on the Chiral Order Parameter in the Schwinger Model

Based on an analytical technique using a unitary transformation and the variational method, we study the chiral order parameter in the Schwinger model in the lattice formalism with Kogut-Susskind fermions. The fermion condensate $⟨\bar{\mathrm{\Psi }}\mathrm{\Psi }⟩$ for any coupling constant and fermion mass are calculated. Chiral symmetry is shown to be broken in the massless limit and good scaling behavior is obtained.