Field Equations and Conservation Laws Derived from the Generalized Einstein Lagrangian Density for A Gravitational System and Their Implications to Cosmology

Based on investigations of the fundamental properties of the generalized Einstein Lagrangian density for a gravitational system, the theoretical foundations of the modified Einstein field equations and the Lorentz and Levi-Civita conservation laws are systematically studied. The theory of cosmology developed on the basis of these equations and laws is analyzed in detail. Some new properties and new effects of the cosmos are deduced; these new properties and new effects could be tested via future experiments and observations.