Method of study of nanostructures by ultracold neutrons

We propose a new method to form very cold neutron (VCN) beams collimated and monochromatic without usual losses of flux by three or more orders in magnitude due to narrow line cutting from energy and angular spectra. To this purpose ultracold neutrons should be accelerated in gravity field to shift their phase volume in momentum space without volume expansion. The possibilities and advantages of VCN in studies of nanostructures, the results of modelling of scattering on various nanoobjects by the real resolution of VCN-diffractometer are discussed.