Paramagnetic Meissner effect and related dynamical phenomena

The present review is given on the paramagnetic Meissner effect observed in conventional and ceramic high-Tc superconductors. We discuss two mechanisms leading to this phenomenon: the d-wave and the flux compensation. It is shown that the chiral glass phase may occur in granular superconductors possessing d-wave pairing symmetry. Dynamical phenomena such as AC susceptibility, compensation effect, anomalous microwave absorption, aging effect, AC resistivity and enhancement of critical current due to the external electric field are considered.