Quantum Phase Transitions to Charge Order and Wigner Crystal Under Interplay of Lattice Commensurability and Long-Range Coulomb Interaction

Relationship among Wigner crystal, charge order and Mott insulator is studied by the path-integral renormalization group method for two-dimensional lattices with long-range Coulomb interaction. In contrast to Hartree-Fock results, the solid stability drastically increases with lattice commensurability. The transition to liquid occurs at the electron gas parameter $r_s\sim 2$ for the filling $n=1\mathrm{/}2$ showing large reduction from $r_s\sim 35$ in the continuum limit. Correct account of quantum fluctuations are crucial to understand charge-order stability generally observed only at simple fractional fillings and nature of quantum liquids away from them.