In this paper we study in detail different types of topological solitons which are possible in bilayer quantum Hall systems at filling fraction when spin degrees of freedom are included. Starting from a microscopic Hamiltonian we derive an effective energy functional for studying such excitations. The gauge invariance and character of this energy fuctional and their consequences are examined. Then we identify permissible classes of finite energy solutions which are topologically non-trivial. We also numerically evaulate a representative solution in which a pseudospin (layer degrees of freedom) bimeron in a given spin component is intertwined with spin-skyrmions in each layer, and and discuss whether it is energetically favoured as the lowest lying excitation in such system with some numerical results.

生成讲解博客的中文版本

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