The distribution of pairwise peculiar velocities in the nonlinear regime

The distribution of pairwise, relative peculiar velocities, $f(u;r)$, on small nonlinear scales, $r$, is derived from the Press–Schechter approach. This derivation assumes that Press–Schechter clumps are virialized and isothermal. The virialized assumption requires that the circular velocity, $V_c \propto M^{1/3}$,where$M$ denotes the mass of the clump. The isothermal assumption means that the circular velocity is independent of radius. Further, it is assumed that the velocity distribution within a clump is Maxwellian, that the pairwise relative velocity distribution is isotropic, and that on nonlinear scales clump-clump motions are unimportant when calculating the distribution of velocity differences. Comparison with $N$-body simulations shows that, on small nonlinear scales, all these assumptions are accurate. For most power spectra of interest, the resulting line of sight, pairwise, relative velocity distribution, $f(u_{\mathrm{r}})$, is well approximated by an exponential, rather than a Gaussian distribution. This simple Press–Schechter model is also able to provide a natural explanation for the observed, non-Maxwellian shape of $f(v)$, the distribution of peculiar velocities.