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The XXZ spin-half chain has Heisenberg exchange interactions () in the () direction. The model has a transition from the spin-fluid phase for to the Néel phase for . When bond alternation is included, the Néel phase transitions to the dimer phase for a finite value of . We determine the phase diagram using simple topological indicators related to the polarization of both spins. When a staggered magnetic field is included, a contour plot of these indicators as a function of and determine the amount of topological quantized spin pumping around closed circuits in the plane.

生成讲解博客的中文版本

生成AI智能校验的中文版本