Cosmological perturbation theory

This is a review on cosmological perturbation theory. After an introduction, it presents the problem of gauge transformation. Gauge invariant variables are introduced and the Einstein and conservation equations are written in terms of these variables. Some examples, especially perfect fluids and scalar fields are presented in detail. The generation of perturbations during inflation is studied. Lightlike geodesics and their relevance for CMB anisotropies are briefly discussed. Perturbation theory in braneworlds is also introduced.