Interpreting Offsets from the Tully-Fisher Relation

We have previously demonstrated that Tully-Fisher residuals correlate with tracers of star formation history (color and emission line equivalent width) for a broad sample of Sa–Sd spiral galaxies (Kannappan, Fabricant, & Franx 2002). Here we use these correlations to study two other classes of galaxies: (1) galaxies in close pairs and (2) galaxies at intermediate redshift.