On the large-scale inhomogeneous Universe and the cosmological constant

We study the large-scale inhomogeneity of the Universe based on the averaging procedure of Buchert and Ehlers. The generalized Dyer-Roeder equation for the angular diameter distance of the inhomogeneous Universe is derived and solved for different cosmological models. We make a comparison of certain cosmic observables, such as the Hubble function, angular diameter distance,cosmological correction factor of homogeneous and inhomogeneous cosmological models, which are crucial ingredients in galaxy number counts and gravitational lenses.