Sparse optimization problems in fractional order Sobolev spaces

We consider optimization problems in the fractional order Sobolev spaces $H^s(\mathrm{\Omega })$, $s\in (0,1)$, with sparsity promoting objective functionals containing $L^p$-pseudonorms, $p\in (0,1)$. Existence of solutions is proven. By means of a smoothing scheme, we obtain first-order optimality conditions. An algorithm based on this smoothing scheme is developed. Weak limit points of iterates are shown to satisfy a stationarity system that is slightly weaker than that given by the necessary condition.