Mapping the Galactic Metallicity Gradient with Open Clusters: The State-of-the-Art and Future Challenges

In this paper, we make use of data collected for open cluster members by high-resolution spectroscopic surveys and programmes (i.e., APOGEE, Gaia-ESO, GALAH, OCCASO, and SPA). These data have been homogenised and then analysed as a whole. The resulting catalogue contains [Fe/H] and orbital parameters for 251 Galactic open clusters. The slope of the radial metallicity gradient obtained through 175 open clusters with high-quality metallicity determinations is $-$0.064 $\pm$ 0.007 dex kpc${}^{-1}$. The radial metallicity distribution traced by open clusters flattens beyond R${}_{\mathrm{G}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{l}}$=12.1 $\pm$ 1.1 kpc. The slope traced by open clusters in the [Fe/H]-L${}_{\mathrm{z}}$ diagram is $-$0.31 $\pm$ 0.02 10${}^3$ dex km${}^{-1}$ kpc${}^{-1}$ s, but it flattens beyond L${}_{\mathrm{z}}$=2769 $\pm$ 177 km kpc s${}^{-1}$. In this paper, we also review some high-priority practical challenges around the study of open clusters that will significantly push our understanding beyond the state-of-the-art. Finally, we compare the shape of the galactic radial metallicity gradient to those of other spiral galaxies.