Low regularity solutions for the Cauchy problem of the ideal incompressible Magnetohydrodynamics equations

In Lagrangian coordinates, the local well-posedness of low regularity solutions is established for an ideal incompressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) system subject to a homogeneous background magnetic field. First, the MHD system is reformulated into a degenerate wave-elliptic system with a particular null structure. By introducing a suitably defined solution space, several refined product estimates are derived. Next, using the inherent null structure, a Klainerman-Machedon type bilinear estimate is obtained for the nonlinear terms. These nice structures and estimates yield the local well-posedness of the ideal incompressible MHD equations in Lagrangian coordinates for initial velocity fields ${\text{bv}}_0\in H^s({\mathbb{R}}^n)$ with $s>\frac{n+1}{2}$ $(n=2,3,4)$. Moreover, the regularity requirement is lowered by half a derivative compared with the classical exponent $s>\frac{n}{2}+1$.