Pattern Formation in a Spatially-Extended Model of Pacemaker Dynamics in Smooth Muscle Cells

Spatiotemporal patterns are common in biological systems. For electrically-coupled cells previous studies of pattern formation have mainly used external forcing as the main bifurcation parameter. The purpose of this paper is to show that spatiotemporal patterns in electrically-coupled smooth muscle cells occur even in the absence of forcing. We study a reaction-diffusion system with the Morris-Lecar equations and observe a wide range of spatiotemporal patterns for different values of the model parameters. Some aspects of these patterns are explained via a bifurcation analysis of the system without coupling – in particular Type I and Type II excitability both occur. We show the patterns are not due to a Turing instability and use travelling wave coordinates to analyse travelling waves.