Enhanced visibility through microbubble-induced photoacoustic fluctuation imaging

A photoacoustic contrast mechanism is presented based on the photoacoustic fluctuations induced by microbubbles flowing inside a micro vessel filled with a continuous absorber. It is demonstrated that the standard deviation of a homogeneous absorber mixed with microbubbles increases non-linearly as the microbubble concentration and microbubble size is increased. This effect is then utilized to perform photoacoustic fluctuation imaging with increased visibility and contrast of a blood flow phantom.