BGG category $\mathcal{O}$ and $\mathbb{Z}$-graded representation theory

We give an introduction to the $\mathbb{Z}$-graded representation theory of the BGG category $\mathcal{O}$ of a complex semisimple Lie algebras, with an emphasis on Soergel’s combinatorial $\mathbb{V}$ functor, definitions of $\mathbb{Z}$-graded duality functors and definitions of $\mathbb{Z}$-graded translation functors.