Differential, Difference and Asymptotic Relations for Pollaczek-Jacobi Type Orthogonal Polynomials and Their Hankel Determinants

In this paper, we study the orthogonal polynomials with respect to a singularly perturbed Pollaczek-Jacobi type weight $$w(x,t):=(1-x^2{)}^{\alpha }{\mathrm{e}}^{-\frac{t}{1-x^2}},x\in [-1,1],\alpha >0,t>0.$$ By using the ladder operator approach, we establish the second-order difference equations satisfied by the recurrence coefficient ${\beta }_n(t)$ and the sub-leading coefficient $\mathrm{p}(n,t)$ of the monic orthogonal polynomials, respectively. We show that the logarithmic derivative of ${\beta }_n(t)$ can be expressed in terms of a particular Painlev'{e} V transcendent. The large $n$ asymptotic expansions of ${\beta }_n(t)$ and $\mathrm{p}(n,t)$ are obtained by using Dyson’s Coulomb fluid method together with the related difference equations. Furthermore, we study the associated Hankel determinant $D_n(t)$ and show that a quantity ${\sigma }_n(t)$, allied to the logarithmic derivative of $D_n(t)$, can be expressed in terms of the $\sigma$-function of a particular Painlev'{e} V. The second-order differential and difference equations for ${\sigma }_n(t)$ are also obtained. In the end, we derive the large $n$ asymptotics of ${\sigma }_n(t)$ and $D_n(t)$ from their relations with ${\beta }_n(t)$ and $\mathrm{p}(n,t)$.