On Ruijsenaars-Schneider spectrum from superconformal indices and ramified instantons

We discuss two physics-inspired approaches to derivation of the eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of $A_N$ Ruijsenaars-Schneider model. First approach which was recently proposed by the authors relies on the computations of superconformal indices of class $\mathcal{S}$ $4d$ $\mathcal{N}=2$ theories with the insertion of surface defects. Second approach uses computations of Nekrasov-Shatashvili limit of $5d$ $\mathcal{N}=1^{\ast }$ instanton partition functions in the presence of co-dimension two defect. We compare results of these two approaches for the low-lying levels of Ruijsenaars-Schneider model. We also discuss different previously proposed exact quantization conditions for the Coulomb branch parameters of the instanton partition functions and their interpretations in terms of index calculations.