(Arc-)connectedness for the space of ${\mathbb{Z}}^d$-actions by $C^2$ diffeomorphisms on 1-dimensional manifolds

We deal with the general problem of connectedness for the space of ${\mathbb{Z}}^d$ actions by (orientation-preserving) diffeomorphisms of a compact 1-manifold. We prove two results. First, the space of ${\mathbb{Z}}^d$ actions by $C^2$ diffeomorphisms of the interval is connected. Second, any two ${\mathbb{Z}}^d$ actions by $C^2$ diffeomorphisms of a compact 1-manifold are connected by a continuous path of $C^{1+\mathrm{a}\mathrm{c}}$ actions (where $C^{1+ac}$ stands for diffeomorphisms with absolutely continuous derivative). The latter is the first result of arc-connectedness in regularity larger than $C^1$ in this setting. Actually, our proof applies to all ${\mathbb{Z}}^d$ actions by $C^{1+\mathrm{a}\mathrm{c}}$ diffeomorphisms without elements with hyperbolic periodic points; the only obstruction to extend it to the general $C^{1+\mathrm{a}\mathrm{c}}$ framework comes from the failure of the Sternberg-Yoccoz linearization theorem in class $C^{1+\mathrm{a}\mathrm{c}}$.