An Upper Bound for the First Hilbert Coefficient of Gorenstein Algebras and Modules

Let $R$ be a polynomial ring over a field and $M={⨁}_n{M}_n$ a finitely generated graded $R$-module, minimally generated by homogeneous elements of degree zero with a graded $R$-minimal free resolution $\mathbf{F}$. A Cohen-Macaulay module $M$ is Gorenstein when the graded resolution is symmetric. We give an upper bound for the first Hilbert coefficient, $e_1$ in terms of the shifts in the graded resolution of $M$. When $M=R\mathrm{/}I$, a Gorenstein algebra, this bound agrees with the bound obtained in \cite{ES} in Gorenstein algebras with quasi-pure resolution. We conjecture a similar bound for the higher coefficients.