Negative isotropic seismic moment tensors, migrating and cyclic seismicity during the 2018 summit collapse at K\={\i}lauea caldera

The 2018 rift zone eruption of K={\i}lauea volcano was accompanied by a remarkable and episodic collapse of its summit. Between May-August the eruption and collapse sequence included over 70,000 earthquakes (M$\ge$0) and 54 major earthquakes (M$\ge$5). We analyzed the seismicity in the K={\i}lauea summit region and estimated seismic full moment tensors with their uncertainties for the 54 M$\ge$5 events. These events occurred at almost daily intervals and were accompanied by intense seismicity which was concentrated between 0-3 km depths beneath the Halemaumau pit crater. The hypocenters reveal partial elliptical patterns (map view) that migrated downward by $\sim$200 m. The moment tensors reveal remarkably consistent mechanisms, with negative isotropic source types and localized uncertainties, and vertical P-axis orientations. From the moment tensors we derived Poisson’s ratios which are variable ($\nu =0.1-0.3)$ for the first half of the collapse events and converged to $\nu \sim 0.28$ from June 26 onward.