On the Maximum Entropy of a Sum of Independent Discrete Random Variables

Let $X_1,\dots ,X_n$ be independent random variables taking values in the alphabet $\{0,1,\dots ,r\}$, and $S_n={\sum }_{i=1}^n{X}_i$. The Shepp–Olkin theorem states that, in the binary case ($r=1$), the Shannon entropy of $S_n$ is maximized when all the $X_i$’s are uniformly distributed, i.e., Bernoulli(1/2). In an attempt to generalize this theorem to arbitrary finite alphabets, we obtain a lower bound on the maximum entropy of $S_n$ and prove that it is tight in several special cases. In addition to these special cases, an argument is presented supporting the conjecture that the bound represents the optimal value for all $n,r$, i.e., that $H(S_n)$ is maximized when $X_1,\dots ,X_{n-1}$ are uniformly distributed over $ {0, r} $,whiletheprobabilitymassfunctionof$ X_n $ is a mixture (with explicitly defined non-zero weights) of the uniform distributions over $ {0, r} $and$ {1, \ldots, r-1} $.