Some criteria for circle packing types and combinatorial Gauss-Bonnet Theorem

We investigate criteria for circle packing(CP) types of disk triangulation graphs embedded into simply connected domains in $\mathbb{C}$. In particular, by studying combinatorial curvature and the combinatorial Gauss-Bonnet theorem involving boundary turns, we show that a disk triangulation graph is CP parabolic if $$\sum _{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{1}{\sum _{j=0}^{n-1}(k_j+6)}=\mathrm{\infty },$$ where $k_n$ is the degree excess sequence defined by $$k_n=\sum _{v\in B_n}(degv-6)$$ for combinatorial balls $B_n$ of radius $n$ and centered at a fixed vertex. It is also shown that the simple random walk on a disk triangulation graph is recurrent if $$\sum _{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{1}{\sum _{j=0}^{n-1}(k_j+6)+\sum _{j=0}^n(k_j+6)}=\mathrm{\infty }\mathrm{.}$$ These criteria are sharp, and generalize a conjecture by He and Schramm in their paper from 1995, which was later proved by Repp in 2001. We also give several criteria for CP hyperbolicity, one of which generalizes a theorem of He and Schramm, and present a necessary and sufficient condition for CP types of layered circle packings generalizing and confirming a criterion given by Siders in 1998.