On functional equations of Euler systems

We establish precise relations between Euler systems that are respectively associated to a $p$-adic representation $T$ and to its Kummer dual $T^{\ast }(1)$. Upon appropriate specialization of this general result, we are able to deduce the existence of an Euler system of rank $[K:\mathbb{Q}]$ over a totally real field $K$ that both interpolates the values of the Dedekind zeta function of $K$ at all positive even integers and also determines all higher Fitting ideals of the Selmer groups of ${\mathbb{G}}_m$ over abelian extensions of $K$. This construction in turn motivates the formulation of a precise conjectural generalization of the Coleman-Ihara formula and we provide supporting evidence for this conjecture.