Effects of turbulent environment on the surface roughening: The Kardar-Parisi-Zhang model coupled to the stochastic Navier-Stokes equation

The Kardar-Parisi-Zhang model of non-equilibrium critical behaviour (kinetic surface roughening) with turbulent motion of the environment taken into account is studied by the field theoretic renormalization group approach. The turbulent motion is described by the stochastic Navier-Stokes equation with the random stirring force whose correlation function includes two terms that allow one to account both for a turbulent fluid and for a fluid in thermal equilibrium. The renormalization group analysis performed in the leading order of perturbation theory (one-loop approximation) reveals six possible types of scaling behaviour (universality classes). The most interesting values of the spatial dimension $d=2$ and~$3$ correspond to the universality class of a pure turbulent advection where the nonlinearity of the Kardar–Parisi–Zhang model is irrelevant.