Non-Linearities in International Spillovers of the ECB${}^{\mathrm{\prime }}$s Monetary Policy. The Case of Non-ERM II Countries and Anti-Fragmentation Policy

We investigate the presence of sign and size non-linearities in the impact of the European Central Bank${}^{\mathrm{\prime }}$s Anti-Fragmentation Policy on non-ERM II, EU countries. After identifying three orthogonal monetary policy shock using the method of Fanelli and Marsi [2022], we then select an optimal specification and estimate both linear and non linear impulse response functions using local projections (Dufour and Renault [1998], Goncalves et al. [2021]). The choice of non-linear transformations to separate sign and size effects is based on Caravello and Martinez-Bruera [Working Paper, 2024]. Lastly we compare the linear model to the non-linear ones using a battery of Wald tests and find significant evidence of sign non-linearities in the international spillovers of ECB policy.