Monodromy groups of $\mathbb{C}{\mathrm{P}}^1$-structures on punctured surfaces

For a punctured surface $S$, we characterize the representations of its fundamental group into ${\mathrm{P}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{L}}_2(\mathbb{C})$ that arise as the monodromy of a meromorphic projective structure on $S$ with poles of order at most two and no apparent singularities. This proves the analogue of a theorem of Gallo-Kapovich-Marden concerning $\mathbb{C}{\mathrm{P}}^1$-structures on closed surfaces, and settles a long-standing question about characterizing monodromy groups for the Schwarzian equation on punctured spheres. The proof involves a geometric interpretation of the Fock-Goncharov coordinates of the moduli space of framed ${\mathrm{P}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{L}}_2(\mathbb{C})$-representations, following ideas of Thurston and some recent results of Allegretti-Bridgeland.