Electroweak strings with dark scalar condensates and their (in)stability

The stability of “visible” electroweak-type cosmic strings is investigated in an extension of the Standard Model (SM) by a minimal dark sector, consisting of a U(1) gauge field, broken spontaneously by a scalar. The “visible” and dark sectors are coupled through a Higgs-portal and a gauge-kinetic mixing term. It is found that strings whose core is “filled” with a dark scalar condensate exhibit better stability properties than their analogues in the SM, when the electroweak mixing angle is close to ${\theta }_{\mathrm{W}}=\pi \mathrm{/}2$. They become unstable as one lets ${\theta }_{\mathrm{W}}$ approach its physical value. The instability mechanism appears to be a $W$-boson condensation mechanism found in previous studies on the stability of electroweak strings.