Radiative transfer in half spaces of arbitrary dimension

We solve the classic albedo and Milne problems of plane-parallel illumination of an isotropically-scattering half-space when generalized to a Euclidean domain ${\mathbb{R}}^d$ for arbitrary $d\ge 1$. A continuous family of pseudo-problems and related $H$ functions arises and includes the classical 3D solutions, as well as 2D “Flatland” and rod-model solutions, as special cases. The Case-style eigenmode method is applied to the general problem and the internal scalar densities, emerging distributions, and their respective moments are expressed in closed-form. Universal properties invariant to dimension $d$ are highlighted and we find that a discrete diffusion mode is not universal for $d>3$ in absorbing media. We also find unexpected correspondences between differing dimensions and between anisotropic 3D scattering and isotropic scattering in high dimension.