Abelian periods of factors of Sturmian words

We study the abelian period sets of Sturmian words, which are codings of irrational rotations on a one-dimensional torus. The main result states that the minimum abelian period of a factor of a Sturmian word of angle $\alpha$ with continued fraction expansion $[0;a_1,a_2,\dots ]$ is either $t{q}_k$ with $1\le t\le a_{k+1}$ (a multiple of a denominator $q_k$ of a convergent of $\alpha$) or $q_{k,\mathrm{\ell }}$ (a denominator $q_{k,\mathrm{\ell }}$ of a semiconvergent of $\alpha$). This result generalizes a result of Fici et. al stating that the abelian period set of the Fibonacci word is the set of Fibonacci numbers. A characterization of the Fibonacci word in terms of its abelian period set is obtained as a corollary.