Modular curves and bad reduction

We prove results that imply, under various hypotheses, that every elliptic curve over a number field $k$ corresponding to a point on a modular curve has bad reduction at a certain prime $p$ of ${\mathcal{O}}_k$. For example, every elliptic curve with a cyclic torsion subgroup of order 20 defined over $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{-11})$ or $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{17})$ has bad reduction at all primes lying over $3$. The proofs of these statements are quite different, since $3$ is split in $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{-11})$ and inert in $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{17})$.