Dark energy beyond quintessence: Constraints from the swampland

The string theory swampland proposes that there is no UV-completion for an effective field theory with an exact (metastable) de Sitter vacua, thereby ruling out standard $\mathrm{\Lambda }$CDM cosmology if the conjecture is taken seriously. The swampland criteria have also been shown to be in sharp tension with quintessence models under current and forthcoming observational bounds. As a logical next step, we introduce higher derivative self-interactions in the low-energy effective Lagrangian and show that one can satisfy observational constraints as well as the swampland criteria for some specific models. In particular, the cubic Galileon term, in the presence of an exponential potential, is examined to demonstrate that parts of the Horndeski parameter space survives the swampland and leads to viable cosmological histories.