Hydrodynamic 2D turbulence and spatial beam condensation in multimode optical fibers

We show that Kerr beam self-cleaning results from parametric mode mixing instabilities, that generate a number of nonlinearly interacting modes with randomized phases – optical wave turbulence, followed by a direct and inverse cascade towards high mode numbers and condensation into the fundamental mode, respectively. This optical self-organization effect is analogue to wave condensation that is well-known in hydrodynamic 2D turbulence.