A generalization of Strassen's Positivstellensatz

Strassen’s Positivstellensatz is a powerful but little known theorem on preordered commutative semirings satisfying a boundedness condition similar to Archimedeanicity. It characterizes the relaxed preorder induced by all monotone homomorphisms to ${\mathbb{R}}_{+}$ in terms of a condition involving large powers. Here, we generalize and strengthen Strassen’s result. As a generalization, we replace the boundedness condition by a polynomial growth condition; as a strengthening, we prove two further equivalent characterizations of the homomorphism-induced preorder in our generalized setting.