A Complete Surface Integral Method for Broadband Modeling of 3D Interconnects in Stratified Media

A surface integral equation solver is proposed for fast and accurate simulation of interconnects embedded in stratified media. A novel technique for efficient computation of the multilayer Green’s function is proposed. Using the Taylor expansion of Bessel functions, the computation of Sommerfeld integrals during the method of moments procedure is reduced to simple algebraic operations. To model skin effect in conductors, the single-source differential surface admittance operator is extended to conductors in stratified media. To handle large realistic structures, the adaptive integral method is developed for a multilayer environment in a generalized manner that poses no restrictions on layout of conductors, and requires no special grid refinement, unlike previous works. The proposed method is made robust over a wide frequency range with the augmented electric field integral equation. Realistic structures of different shapes and electrical sizes are successfully analyzed over a wide frequency range, and results are validated against a commercial finite element tool.