Nuclear $\gamma$-ray emission from very hot accretion flows

Optically thin accretion plasmas can reach ion temperatures $T_{\rm i} \geq 10^{10}$K and thus trigger nuclear reactions. Using a large nuclear interactions network, we studied the radial evolution of the chemical composition of the accretion flow toward the black hole and computed the emissivity in nuclear $\gamma$-ray lines. In the advection dominated accretion flow (ADAF) regime, CNO and heavier nuclei are destroyed before reaching the last stable orbit. The overall luminosity in the de-excitation lines for a solar composition of plasma can be as high as few times ${10}^{-5}$ the accretion luminosity ($\dot{M}{c}^2$) and can be increased for heavier compositions up to ${10}^{-3}$. The efficiency of transformation of the kinetic energy of the outflow into high energy ($\ge 100$~MeV) $\gamma$-rays through the production and decay of ${\pi }^0$-mesons can be higher, up to ${10}^{-2}$ of the accretion luminosity. We show that in the ADAF model up to 15 percent of the mass of accretion matter can `evaporate’ in the form of neutrons.